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Seastead 1/6 Scale Model Testing Plan - Froude Scaling Analysis
Seastead Scale Model Testing Plan
Location: Sandy Hill Bay, Anguilla | Scale: 1:6 (λ = 1/6) | Prototype Displacement: 36,000 lbs
Froude Scaling Law Summary (λ = 1/6):
• Length: ÷ 6 | Time: ÷ √6 ≈ ÷ 2.45 | Velocity: ÷ √6 ≈ ÷ 2.45
• Mass: ÷ 6³ = ÷ 216 | Force: ÷ 216 | Acceleration: 1:1 (unchanged)
1. Model Dimensions & Weight
| Component |
Full Scale |
Model Scale (1/6) |
Notes |
| Living Area |
40' × 16' (480" × 192") |
80" × 32" (6.67' × 2.67') |
Rectangular platform |
| Column Width |
4' (48") |
8" |
Square or cylindrical cross-section |
| Column Length |
24' (288") |
48" (4 feet) |
At 45° angle |
| Submerged Length |
12' (half of column) |
24" |
Draft measurement |
| Target Weight |
36,000 lbs |
166.7 lbs (~167 lbs) |
Include ballast adjustment margin: 150-180 lbs |
Construction Tip: Build the model to weigh slightly less (≈140 lbs) and add removable ballast (lead shot or steel plates) to tune to exactly 167 lbs after construction. This allows you to adjust for different loading conditions.
2. Cable Tension Measurement
Surgical Tubing Method
Standard latex surgical tubing (3/8" OD, 1/4" ID) has a useful working tension range of approximately 2–20 lbs depending on wall thickness and percent elongation (100–300% stretch).
Full-Scale Equivalent: Multiply by 216 (6³)
- Model: 2 lbs → Full Scale: 432 lbs
- Model: 10 lbs → Full Scale: 2,160 lbs
- Model: 20 lbs → Full Scale: 4,320 lbs
Assessment: This is a reasonable but low range. For a 36,000 lb vessel in 8-foot seas, peak mooring loads could exceed 10,000 lbs (storm conditions). However, for moderate sea states (3–5 ft), the 1,000–4,000 lb range represents typical working loads on individual mooring legs. The tubing will provide good sensitivity in the operational range but may max out during extreme events.
Alternative: Digital Load Measurement
Instead of "rope tension data logger," search Amazon for these terms:
- "Crane scale 300kg waterproof" — Look for models with "data hold" and RS232/USB output
- "Hanging scale with remote display" — Allows watertight enclosure for electronics
- "S-type load cell 500kg" — Pair with a waterproof project box containing an Arduino/ESP32 for logging
- "Wireless dynamometer" — Higher cost ($300-800) but purpose-built
Budget Recommendation: A $40-60 crane scale (like the Klau or MULAN 300kg models) can be wrapped in a waterproof bag or pelican case with the display/viewing window exposed. Most do not log data internally, so you'll need to video-record the display or hack in a data logger.
DIY Data Logger Option: Use a 50kg–200kg S-type load cell ($15) + HX711 amplifier ($5) + ESP32 microcontroller ($8) in a waterproof enclosure. Power with 18650 batteries. Log to SD card or transmit via Bluetooth to shore. Total cost: ~$40 per cable.
3. Wave Height Scaling
To simulate full-scale wave conditions in Sandy Hill Bay:
| Full-Scale Wave Height |
Model Scale Height |
Location Strategy |
| 3 feet (calm-moderate) |
6 inches |
Protected inner bay, minimal fetch |
| 5 feet (moderate-rough) |
10 inches |
Middle bay, moderate boat wake |
| 8 feet (rough-storm) |
16 inches |
Outer bay or channel entrance, wind against tide |
Time Scaling for Video: Record shore camera at 60 fps and play back at 24.5 fps (slowed by 2.45×) to see full-scale motion timing. Alternatively, record at 50 fps and play at 20.4 fps. This matches the Froude time scaling (√6 ≈ 2.45).
4. Instrumentation & Android Apps
IMU/Acceleration Logging
Recommended Apps:
- Phyphox (RWTH Aachen) — Gold standard for physics experiments. Can log accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer at high rates (up to 100-200Hz depending on phone). Exports CSV. Can run in background.
- Sensor Logger — Simple, high-frequency logging to CSV with timestamp.
- Physics Toolbox Sensor Suite — Good for specific measurements, includes g-force display.
- AndroSensor — Classic option, logs all sensors simultaneously.
Video + Data Overlay (FPV)
Can Phyphox do video overlay? No. Phyphox records sensor data only. For synchronized video with acceleration data overlay, you have three options:
- GoPro + Telemetry: Use a GoPro Hero 9/10/11 mounted on the model. Enable "GPS" and "Accelerometer" in settings. The MP4 file embeds telemetry data (G-force, orientation) which can be extracted with tools like GoPro Telemetry Extractor and overlaid using Dashware or GoPro Quik.
- Dual Recording + Post-Sync:
- Phone 1: Records video (FPV)
- Phone 2: Runs Phyphox logging acceleration
- Sync via sharp motion (clap or bang) at start/end
- Combine in DaVinci Resolve (free) or Python (OpenCV + matplotlib) to overlay graphs
- Single Phone + Screen Recorder: Run Phyphox in split-screen with camera, but this is clumsy and reduces sampling rate.
Best Practice: Use the GoPro for FPV (it has wide-angle and stabilization) and tuck a cheap Android phone running Phyphox inside the hull for high-rate IMU data. The GoPro's internal accelerometer is sufficient for "feel" videos, while the phone's data provides scientific precision.
5. Acceleration Analysis & Comfort Metrics
Sliding Objects Threshold
Objects begin to slide when horizontal acceleration exceeds the static friction coefficient (μ):
- Wood on Formica/tabletop: μ ≈ 0.3–0.4
- Ceramic on wood: μ ≈ 0.4–0.5
- Rubber on steel: μ ≈ 0.6+
Critical Threshold: 0.3g to 0.5g (9.6–16 ft/s² or 3–5 m/s²) horizontal acceleration.
Important: Since acceleration scales 1:1 with Froude, if your model experiences 0.4g lateral acceleration, the full-scale vessel will also experience 0.4g — plates will slide in both cases.
Additional Metrics
| Metric |
Model Threshold |
Full-Scale Interpretation |
| Walking Difficulty |
>0.15g sustained lateral |
Crew must hold handrails; difficult to carry items |
| Seasickness (Heave) |
0.1g vertical at 0.5–2 Hz (model freq) |
0.1g at 0.2–0.8 Hz full scale (resonant for humans) |
| Jerk (da/dt) |
Sudden changes >2g/s |
Perceived as "snapping" motion; uncomfortable |
| Roll Angle |
6° model |
6° full scale (linear angle scale) |
Your "Glass with Rocks" Method: Excellent qualitative indicator. For quantitative analysis:
- Mark the glass with lines every 1/4" to measure heel angle from video
- Rock displacement indicates peak acceleration (F=ma)
- Water spilling indicates sustained roll >15–20° or high angular velocity
6. Additional Measurement Techniques
Beyond your current plan, consider these low-cost additions:
- Motion Tracking with Colored Markers: Place bright orange balls at the 4 corners of the deck. Use the shore camera with Tracker Video Analysis (free software) to automatically track heave and pitch vs. time with sub-pixel precision.
- Wave Staff: Instead of just a marked pole, use two parallel PVC pipes with copper tape strips (resistance wave gauge) connected to an Arduino. This gives you exact wave elevation time-series to correlate with vessel motion (RAO calculation).
- Decay Tests: Before wave testing, pull the model sideways with a line and release (or give it a push-down for heave). Measure the decay rate of oscillations to determine the damping ratio. This validates your structural damping assumptions.
- Step Response (Snap Test): Use the surgical tubing to apply a known step load (sudden release) and measure the transient response. This reveals the natural period of the mooring system.
- Underwater Video: If water clarity permits, a GoPro on a weighted line looking up at the hull can visualize column entry angles and vortex shedding.
- Strain Gauges: Bond foil strain gauges to the column surfaces (waterproofed with epoxy) to measure bending moments. This validates if the 45° angle is optimal for load distribution.
7. Testing Protocol Summary
| Phase |
Action |
Data to Capture |
| 1. Calibration |
Static heel test (shift known weight side-to-side) |
Verify 167 lbs displacement, measure GM (metacentric height) |
| 2. Decay |
Push-down/heave release |
Natural period, damping ratio |
| 3. Regular Waves |
6", 10", 16" waves |
RAO (Response Amplitude Operator), cable tensions |
| 4. Irregular Waves |
Random boat wake or wind chop |
Statistical motion (RMS acceleration), peak events |
| 5. Failure Mode |
Intentionally slack one cable |
Redundancy behavior, remaining cable loads |
Safety Note for Sandy Hill Bay: With 167 lbs of model plus ballast, ensure your shore crew can retrieve the model if it flips or sinks. Attach a recovery line with adequate breaking strength (500+ lbs) and a floatation buoy. The 45-degree columns should provide positive stability, but test the righting moment in calm water first.
8. Data Processing Checklist
- ☐ Slow shore video by 2.45× for full-scale time equivalence
- ☐ Sync all data streams (Phyphox CSV, video, wave staff) using the clap/bang timestamp
- ☐ Convert model accelerations directly to full-scale (same values)
- ☐ Scale model motions (heave, pitch) by 6× for full-scale displacements
- ☐ Scale cable tensions by 216× for full-scale forces
- ☐ Calculate the RAO: (Model Motion Amplitude) / (Wave Amplitude) — this is dimensionless and applies to full scale
Good luck with the experiment in Anguilla! The 1/6 scale provides a good balance between manageable size (80" platform) and sufficient mass (167 lbs) to resist wind and minor currents while responding accurately to wave forcing.
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